1. Present Perfect
for & since
Present Perfect vs. Simple Past

3. The boy was 1m10 tall one year ago. Now he is 1m11 tall.
 He has grown one millimeter in one year.

4. Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
 He has lost his key.
(=He lost it and he still hasn’t got it)

5. FORM (+) S + have/has + past participle (PP)
Ex: Tom has lost his key.
(-) S + have/has + not + PP
Ex: Tom has not lost his key.
(?) Have/Has + S + PP?
Ex: Has Tom lost his key?

6. LONG FORMS AND SHORT FORMS
Affirmative
Negative
Long form
Short form
I, you, we, they
I have done
I, you, we, them
I’ve done
He, she, it
He has done
He’s done
Long form
Short form
I, you, we, them
I have not done
I haven’t done
He, she, it
He has not done
He hasn’t done.

7. USE AND DIAGRAM
An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
Ex:
He has played football since he was a child.

8. An action when the time is not important, it is expressed as an experience.
We have never traveled by train.

9. An action was completed in the very recent
past, expressed by 'just' and 'recently'.
Ex:
She has just broken her leg.

10. Action is repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
Ex:
I have seen that movie three times.

11. SIGNAL WORDS so far up to now recently since just for (not) yet
already
ever
never
so far
up to now
recently
since
for

12. EXERCISES

13. 1. Emma _________ this film on TV (not/to see)
Exercise 1: Use the Present Perfect and the verbs in brackets to complete these sentences.
1. Emma _________ this film on TV (not/to see)
2. When ______ she ______ the office ? (to phone)
3. I ___________ a new laptop. (to buy)
4. ______ you ever _______ to New York? (to be)
5. Andy ____________ his sister’s bike. (not/to repair)
6. The students __________ their homework. (not/to forget)
7. What _______ you _______ in the kitchen? (to drop)
hasn’t seen
has
phoned
have bought
Have
been
hasn’t repaired
haven’t forgot
have
dropped

14. What have they just done?
Look at pictures and complete the sentences using Present Perfect with “just”
What have they just done?
She ______________asleep.
has just been
They _______________ out.
have just gone

15. He ______________ lottery.
has just won
They _____________ married.
have just got

16. for is used with a period of time: for six days, for a long time…
Ex: I have lived here for ten years.
since is used with a point in time and means “from that point to the time of speaking”.
Ex: She has been here since six o’clock.

17. EXERCISES Sarah has lived in London ______ 1985.
Use for or since to complete the sentences below
Sarah has lived in London ______ 1985.
_______ Christmas, the weather has been quite good.
3. The house is very dirty. We haven’t cleaned it _____ ages.
4. They’ve known each other _______ they were at school.
5. I haven’t had a holiday _____ ten years.
since
Since
for
since
for

18. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST
- Just, already, not yet
Ex: She has just arrived in Tokyo.
- Certain time in the past.
Ex: She phoned him 2 minutes ago
- Whether/How often till now
Ex: Have you ever been to Rome?
I have been to Rome twice.
- Certain event in the past
Ex: He went to Rome in 1990.
- Emphasis on result
Ex: I have bought a new bike.
(I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)
- Emphasis on action
Ex: I bought a new bike.
(just telling what I did in the past.)
just, already, up to now, until now, till now, ever, (not) yet, so far, lately, recently…
yesterday, ago, in 1990, the other
day, last …

19. EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Use the correct tense to complete these sentences.
1. I __________ (have) these shoes since my 18th birthday.
2. I ________ (tidy) my desk, but now it’s in a mess again.
3. The last time I ______ (go) to Brighton was in August.
4. I’d like to meet a ghost, but I _________________ (never/see) one.
5. I’ve finished my homework. I ______(do) it before tea.
have had
tidied
went
have never seen
did

20. Exercise 2: Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong
Exercise 2: Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the wrong ones.
1. I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere.
 RIGHT
2. Have you seen the news on television last night?
 WRONG: Did you see the news on television last night?
3. I’ve bought a new car last week.
 WRONG: I bought a new car last week.
4. I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today.
5. When has this book been published?
 WRONG: When was this book published?