1. 1 C H A P T E R © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved1 Definitions Technical terms can scare people.There are certain terms, however, that an Internet literate person must know. This chapter defines those terms.

2. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved2 C H A P T E R 1 Objectives:  Define the Internet, describe how large it is, and find out how fast it is growing.  List and define the seven basic Internet services of e-mail, listserv, newsgroups, chat, videoconferencing, FTP, and the World Wide Web.  Explain what is meant by client-server computing.

3. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved3 C H A P T E R 1 Objectives:  Understand the Internet naming system of domains and subdomains.  Provide a brief history of the Internet, explaining how it grew from its humble origins into the worldwide network that we enjoy today.

4. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved4 C H A P T E R 1 What Is the Internet? This image is a visualization study of inbound traffic measured in billions of bytes on the NSFNET T1 backbone for September 1991

5. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5 C H A P T E R 1 Who Is Using the Internet? According to Nua Internet Surveys, 332.73 million people were online worldwide in March 2000.

6. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved6 C H A P T E R 1 How Fast Is the Internet Growing? This chart shows how fast the Internet is growing.

7. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved7 C H A P T E R 1 What Are the Internet Services? An Internet Protocol (IP) connection provides you with access to Internet services all over the world.

8. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved8 C H A P T E R 1 Electronic Mail Electronic mail queues up in your in box.

9. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved9 C H A P T E R 1 Listserv Listservs distribute messages to people whose names are on an electronic mailing list.

10. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved10 C H A P T E R 1 USENET Newsgroups USENET Newsgroups organize information according to a hierarchy of topics.

11. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved11 C H A P T E R 1 Chat A chat in progress on the Internet.

12. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved12 C H A P T E R 1 Videoconferencing This Figure shows how videoconferencing enables users to see and hear each other over the Internet.

13. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved13 C H A P T E R 1 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FTP transfers files over the Internet from one computer to another.

14. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved14 C H A P T E R 1 Multimedia Streaming Broadcasters are using multimedia streaming to distribute real-time content over the Internet.

15. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved15 C H A P T E R 1 World Wide Web The World Wide Web is the most popular service on the Internet.

16. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved16 C H A P T E R 1 What Is Client-Server Computing? The term client-server computing refers to the manner in which computers exchange information by sending it (as servers) and receiving it (as clients).

17. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved17 C H A P T E R 1 What Are Domains and Subdomains?  Every computer on the Internet has a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address.  The numbers range from 0 to 255. The smallest address is 0.0.0.0 and the largest is 255.255.255.255.  To make IP addresses easier for human beings to remember, a Domain Name System (DNS) was invented to permit the use of alphabetic characters instead of numbers.

18. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved18 C H A P T E R 1 What Are Domains and Subdomains?  Domain names have the format:  hostname.subdomain.top-level-domain  In the United States, top-level domains normally consist of one of the following: . edu educational .com commercial .gov government .mil military .netnetwork support centers .org other organizations

19. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved19 C H A P T E R 1 Brief History of the Internet  The Internet originated when the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense began a network called ARPANET in 1969.  Messages were divided into packets that wound their way through the network on an individual basis. Each packet contained some information and the address of the destination to which it was to be delivered.

20. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved20 C H A P T E R 1 Brief History of the Internet  During the 1970s, universities began using the Internet Protocol to connect their local networks to the ARPANET. Access to the Pentagon’s computers on the ARPANET was tightly controlled, but the university computers were permitted to communicate freely with one another.

21. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved21 C H A P T E R 1 Brief History of the Internet  Because the IP software was public-domain, and the basic technology made joining the network relatively simple, the Internet became more diverse.  Diversity posed security risks, however, and in 1983 the military segment broke off and became MILNET.

22. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved22 C H A P T E R 1 Brief History of the Internet  In 1986, the National Science Foundation (NSF) began the NSFNET, a backbone that connected the nation’s five supercomputer centers at high speed.  In 1991, NSF lifted the restriction that prohibited commercial entities from using the backbone.

23. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved23 C H A P T E R 1 Brief History of the Internet  During the late 1990s, usage of the Internet exploded as costs declined, access increased, and new companies such as amazon.com, ebay.com, and yahoo.com pioneered the commercial potential of the Internet.

24. © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved24 C H A P T E R 1 U.S. Web Advertising