1. Internet Technologies -1 Dr. Mohammed Al-Abdulkareem © 2006

2. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet The Atlantic cable of 1858 was established to carry instantaneous communications across the ocean for the first time.The Atlantic cable of 1858 was established to carry instantaneous communications across the ocean for the first time. Although the laying of this first cable was seen as a landmark event in society, it was a technical failure. It only remained in service a few days. Although the laying of this first cable was seen as a landmark event in society, it was a technical failure. It only remained in service a few days.

3. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet

4. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet

5. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet

6. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet In 1866 Subsequent cables laid they were completely successful. The cable remained in use for almost 100 years.In 1866 Subsequent cables laid they were completely successful. The cable remained in use for almost 100 years. When the phone was invented?When the phone was invented? 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.

7. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet 1957 - October 4th - the USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite.1957 - October 4th - the USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. 1958 - February 7th - In response to the launch of Sputnik, the US Department of Defense issues directive 5105.15 establishing the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).1958 - February 7th - In response to the launch of Sputnik, the US Department of Defense issues directive 5105.15 establishing the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

8. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet In 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency commissions ARPANET to conduct research on networking. First ARPANET nodes connected.In 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency commissions ARPANET to conduct research on networking. First ARPANET nodes connected.

9. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet 1971: Ray Tomlinson of BBN creates email program to send messages across a distributed network.1971: Ray Tomlinson of BBN creates email program to send messages across a distributed network. 1972: Tomlinson expands program to ARPANET users, using the "@" sign as part of the address.1972: Tomlinson expands program to ARPANET users, using the "@" sign as part of the address.

10. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds.In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds.

11. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection", which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection", which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). 1978: Part of TCP splits off, becoming the Internet Protocol (IP).1978: Part of TCP splits off, becoming the Internet Protocol (IP).

12. Internet Technologies -1 History of the Internet In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet.In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet. In Europe, major international backbones such as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity to over one hundred thousand computers on a large number of networks.In Europe, major international backbones such as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity to over one hundred thousand computers on a large number of networks.

13. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW In 1945 Vannevar Bush wrote an article about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on microfiche.In 1945 Vannevar Bush wrote an article about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on microfiche. In 1960 Doug Engelbart prototypes an "oNLine System" (NLS) which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so on. He invented the mouse for this purpose.In 1960 Doug Engelbart prototypes an "oNLine System" (NLS) which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so on. He invented the mouse for this purpose.

14. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW In 1965 Ted Nelson coins the term "Hypertext" in "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing MachineryIn 1965 Ted Nelson coins the term "Hypertext" in "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing Machinery

15. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS in 1967.Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS in 1967. In 1980 Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook program, "Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything", which allows links to be made between arbitrary nodes. Each node had a title, a type, and a list of bidirectional typed links. "ENQUIRE" ran on Norsk Data machines under SINTRAN-III.In 1980 Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook program, "Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything", which allows links to be made between arbitrary nodes. Each node had a title, a type, and a list of bidirectional typed links. "ENQUIRE" ran on Norsk Data machines under SINTRAN-III.

16. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW In March 1989 Tim BL wrote "Information Management: A Proposal" and circulated for comments at CERN. Paper "HyperText and CERN" produced as background.In March 1989 Tim BL wrote "Information Management: A Proposal" and circulated for comments at CERN. Paper "HyperText and CERN" produced as background. In October 1990 Tim starts work on a hypertext GUI browser+editor using the NeXTStep development environment. He makes up "WorldWideWeb" as a name for the program.In October 1990 Tim starts work on a hypertext GUI browser+editor using the NeXTStep development environment. He makes up "WorldWideWeb" as a name for the program.

17. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW

18. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW

19. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW In January 1992 Line mode browser was released it contains:In January 1992 Line mode browser was released it contains: –Direct access to internet news groups –Direct access to " gopher " campus-wide information systems etc.) –Browsing of remote directories using FTP. Before, files could be read - now you can browse around as well! Any FTP site becomes a W3 information source. –Follow links directly to telnet (and rlogin) sites. This allows hypertexts to point to online communications facilities which don't have servers.

20. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW In April 1992 “Erwise” was released which is GUI client for TimBL WWW with the following features:In April 1992 “Erwise” was released which is GUI client for TimBL WWW with the following features: –Multi font text –Links underlined, double click to jump –Multiple window operation, optional single window mode. –Open local file –Searching of remote index: input field at bottom of window.

21. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW In February 1993 NCSA released first alpha version of Marc Andreessen's "Mosaic for X".In February 1993 NCSA released first alpha version of Marc Andreessen's "Mosaic for X".

22. Internet Technologies -1 History of WWW "We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI...," Kleinrock... said in an interview: "We typed the L and we asked on the phone,"We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI...," Kleinrock... said in an interview: "We typed the L and we asked on the phone, "Do you see the L?" "Yes, we see the L," came the response. "We typed the O, and we asked, "Do you see the O." "Yes, we see the O." "Then we typed the G, and the system crashed"..."Do you see the L?" "Yes, we see the L," came the response. "We typed the O, and we asked, "Do you see the O." "Yes, we see the O." "Then we typed the G, and the system crashed"...