1. Grammar & Sentence Structure
The Basics – a review

2. Parts of Speech Noun Subject Pronoun Verb
A person, place or thing; can be the subject of a sentence
Subject
What or who the sentence is about
Pronoun
A word that replaces or stands for a noun (he, she, it)
Verb
An action word

3. Parts of Speech Adjective Adverb Preposition
A word that describes or modifies a noun
Examples: careful, quick, wise
Adverb
A word that describes or modifies a verb (often ends in –ly)
Ex: very, super, incredibly
Preposition
A word that indicates the relationship of a noun to another word
Ex: to, at, with, for, against

4. Building Sentences Subject Predicate “actor” in a sentence
Person, thing, who acts or is described in the sentence
Predicate
What is said about the subject of the sentence
Contains verb

5. Building Sentences Phrase Clause Dependent Clause Independent Clause
A group of words that does NOT have a subject and verb
Clause
A group of words containing a subject and verb to form part of a sentence
Dependent Clause
Does not express a complete thought, cannot be a sentence
Independent Clause
A clause expressing a complete thought, a sentence

6. Four Basic Sentence Types
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence

7. Simple Sentences
Definition - a sentence with one independent clause; a complete thought.
A simple sentence can have compound subjects, compound verbs, and many difference types of phrases.

8. Simple Sentences Examples: Jamal plays football.
Domino catches mice and birds.
Mrs. Donahue and Mrs. Nielsen read every night.
Sidney is taking both French and Latin.
Unlike many other languages, the English alphabet has twenty-six letters to represent the sounds of its words.

9. Sentence Building (part II)
Independent Clause
A clause expressing a complete thought, a sentence
Ex: Ms. Morgan went to school.
Coordinating Conjunction
Joins equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FANBOYS)
Ex: Kayla and Alaina like to read manga.
Conjunctive Adverb
Joins two independent clauses together
Therefore, nevertheless, however, next, for example

10. Semicolons Semicolon ( ; )
Used between independent clauses that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction
Ex: Ms. Morgan was at school on Monday; Tuesday she was absent.
Used between ICs joined by a conjunctive adverb
Ex: Ms. Morgan was at school on Monday; however, Tuesday she was absent.

11. Semicolons Semicolon ( ; )
Used between items in a series with internal punctuation
Ex: Ms. Morgan, a teaching assistant; Mrs. Nielsen, a teacher; and Mr. Person, the principal, met to talk about English classes.
Used between ICs with internal punctuation
Ex: To do well in school, we should do our homework; but to do well in life, we need to experience!

12. Compound Sentences
Definition – a sentence with two independent clauses joined by:
a) a coordinating conjunction
b) a conjunctive adverb, or
c) a semicolon alone
Examples:
a) Christi reads novels, but Alaina likes manga.
b) Christi reads novels; however, Alaina likes manga.
c) Christi reads novels; her friends read manga.