1. 1 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Intermediate report on Performance Analysis of Zigbee Wireless Personal Area Networks By, Vaddina Prakash Rao Under the Guidance of, Mr. Dimitri Marandin 25th August 2005

2. 2 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Contents 1. Introduction to Zigbee 2. Zigbee Applications 3. IEEE 802.15.4 standard 4. Zigbee Basics 5. The Simulation Tool 6. Simulation Parameters 7. Results 8. Future Work and Conclusions

3. 3 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 1. Introduction to Zigbee A technology designed to address the needs of Low Data Rate Applications Important Features  Very Simple  Just about 14 PHY and 35 MAC Primitives  Low Data Rate  868MHz – 20Kbps (Europe)  914MHz – 40Kbps (USA)  2.4GHz – 250Kbps (World Wide)  Very Low Power Consumption  6 months – 2 years of battery use  Low Cost  Avg. Module Cost: 5 – 6 Euro

4. 4 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 2. Applications Home/Building/Industrial Automation Lighting Control Entertainment  Toys Heating/Cooling Management  Temperature Sensors Security systems  Gas Controllers  Locking Systems  Close Circuit Camera System  Pressure sensors in critical industrial applications  Interactive machines, robots

5. 5 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 3. IEEE 802.15.4 Standard MAC PHY SSCS 802.2 LLC Upper Layers Beacon Management, Channel Access, GTS allocation, Association, Disassociation, Ack. Frame delivery Activate/Deactivate Receiver, Energy Detection, Link Quality Indication, Association, Channel Frequency selection, Data transmission and reception SSCS – Service Specific Convergence Layer GTS – Guaranteed time slot

6. 6 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 4. Zigbee Basics Co-ordinator Full Function Device (FFD) Reduced Function Device (RFD) Beacon Enabled/ Non-Beacon Enabled Modes Tracking/Non-Tracking Modes Network Topologies  Star  Peer-to-Peer FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) RFD

7. 7 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Beacon INACTIVE Beacon CAPCFP SD = aBaseSuperFrameDuration x 2 SO BI = aBaseSuperFrameDuration x 2 BO (GTS) BO/SO – Beacon/Superframe Order BI – Beacon Interval SD – Superframe Duration 4.1 Superframe Structure CAP – Contension Access Period CFP – Contension Free Period GTS – Guaranteed Time Slots

8. 8 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 4.2 Network formation 023 765 481 0 1(0) 2(0)3(0) 4(0) 5(0)6(0)7(0) 8(0) PAN Co-ord FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) RFD Legend SCANNING BEACON

9. 9 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 4.3.1 Network Device to Coordinator 01 PAN coordNode 1. Coord: Beacon Transmission 2. Node: Synchronizes to the Super frame structure 3. Node: Waits for its turn of transmission using CSMA-CA 4. Node: On its turn, transmits data FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) Legend DATA ACK 5. Coord: (Optional) Acknowledges the data reception 4.3 Data Transmission

10. 10 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 4.3.2 Coordinator to a Network Device 01 PAN coord 1. Coord: Beacon Transmission 2. Node: Informed that co-ord has data for the Node 3. Node: Sends Data-request 4. Coord: Acknowledges the data-request command 5. Coord: Sends data 6. Node: (Optionally) Node replies with an acknowledgement FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) Data Request Legend DATA ACK

11. 11 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 5. Simulation Tool: NS-2 A Discrete Event Simulator Support for simulation of wired and wireless networks Zigbee Modules designed by The City University of New York and Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology. NAM: Graphically represent simulation scenarios How it works ? Accepts a scenario file with TCL interface Generates the trace file (text file) Generates the Animator Trace File (text file)

12. 12 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 5.1 Nam Snapshot

13. 13 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Blocks in Bold – NS Modules Blocks not in Bold – automation programs written for this project Autosim Counts=max_sims; cnts == counts NS cnts++ *.tcl wpan.tcl *.scn wpan.scn *.tr Trace file *.nam Animator file Analyze nam Performance24.txt Performance868.txt drops24.txt drops868.txt NO YES 5.2 Process Structure

14. 14 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 6. Simulation Parameters General Simulation Time 1000Secs Zigbee Parameters Frequency Band 868Mhz and 915Mhz Scan Channels 0, 1 and 2 RXThresh_ 4.56e-10 W CSThresh_ 9.00741e-11 W CPThresh_ 10 Initial Energy 13000 Joules Transmission Range 1 - 100m(10m) Queue Length 150 BO, SO3, 3

15. 15 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Traffic Parameters Traffic Type cbr Number of Nodes 11 Number of Coordinators 1 Node Movement None Node Position Manual Packet Size 70 bytes Physical Parameters Propagation Model TwoRay Ground Antenna Type OmniAntenna Transmitter gain in dB (Gt_) 1.0 Receiver Gain in dB (Gr_) 1.0 Antenna Height 0.1 Contd....

16. 16 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 7. Results 7.1 Throughput Analysis

17. 17 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Throughput Analysis

18. 18 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 7.2 Delay Analysis

19. 19 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 7.3 Delivery Ratio

20. 20 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Delivery Ratio

21. 21 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 7.4 Energy Analysis

22. 22 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Energy Analysis

23. 23 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 7.4 Drop Statistics

24. 24 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ 8. Future Work and Conclusions A detailed analysis of the performance metrics for the frequencies, 868Mhz and 2.4Ghz. Simulation according to the ZMD‘ transceiver specifications. Performance evaluation by varying the BO and the SO.  Especially the impact on network throughput by implementing CFP (GTS). Statistical evaluation of the results.

25. 25 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/ Thank you and Welcome to my final thesis presentation