1. Nationalism post WWI TurkeyIndiaKenya

2. Turkey Mustafa Kemal Mustafa Kemal changed name to Kemal Ataturk (father of Turks) Fought against an invasion by Greece in 1919 With help of the Young Turks won in 1922  The sultan gave up his thrown and the new country ==Republic of Turkey was born!  Kemal was dictator til his death in 1938

3. Republic of Turkey Industries were established Tariffs raised Westernized the country: 1. Latin alphabet 2. Metric system 3. No more wearing traditional cap (fez) 4. Attempted to stop the practice of veiling of women 5. Western last names 6. Legal code 7. Separate religion and government

4. India During WWI India was source of supplies for British (wheat crops and cotton cloth) During WWI India was source of supplies for British (wheat crops and cotton cloth) In 1917 GB promised as a return for this help they would allow self-rule someday In 1917 GB promised as a return for this help they would allow self-rule someday Only a few minor reforms were proposed Only a few minor reforms were proposed 1919 GB brought strict rules to India and cracked down on protests thereby triggering more riots by nationalists 1919 GB brought strict rules to India and cracked down on protests thereby triggering more riots by nationalists April 1919, city of Amritsar April 1919, city of Amritsar --10,000 gathered to discuss independence --troops fired into the crowd killing 400

5. Mohandas K Gandhi He was able to unite Indians of all classes He was able to unite Indians of all classes He was called “Mahatma” or “Great Soul” He was called “Mahatma” or “Great Soul” He was a lawyer educated in the west He was a lawyer educated in the west He had worked in South Africa against descrimination He had worked in South Africa against descrimination He was a pacificst who called for non- violent civil disobedience He was a pacificst who called for non- violent civil disobedience He called this approach “satyagraha” which means ‘truth force’ He called this approach “satyagraha” which means ‘truth force’

7. Civil disobedience He worked with the Indian National Congress (INC) to gain independence He worked with the Indian National Congress (INC) to gain independence He asked all Indians to reject western ways He asked all Indians to reject western ways Do not be violent, worship money or hate people different from youself Do not be violent, worship money or hate people different from youself Boycott of British cloth, he spun his own cloth and the spinning wheel became the symbol of the INC Boycott of British cloth, he spun his own cloth and the spinning wheel became the symbol of the INC He was arrested in 1922 and not released until 1930 He was arrested in 1922 and not released until 1930

8. The Salt March His first major protest upon release was against British tax on salt His first major protest upon release was against British tax on salt (GB had a monopoly on salt production which was essential to life in this very hot climate. GB required a tax to be payed on all salt purchased.)  G led thousands 200 miles to the sea where they made their own salt from sea water. Thousands were arrested here and at protests around salt mines, thus encouraging more protests

10. Government of India Act 1935 British parliament finally passed this act allowing India to have a constitution that that gave local control over education, farming, health etc. British parliament finally passed this act allowing India to have a constitution that that gave local control over education, farming, health etc. Still no full independence was given Still no full independence was given G told the INC to accept it as a first step G told the INC to accept it as a first step

11. Religious Divide Even from the beginning the INC was divided by the two biggest religions in India: Islam and Hindu Even from the beginning the INC was divided by the two biggest religions in India: Islam and Hindu there were 3X more Hindus there were 3X more Hindus 1937, the Muslim League (Muhammed Ali Jinnah) broke off from INC 1937, the Muslim League (Muhammed Ali Jinnah) broke off from INC The Hindus were led by Jawaharlal Nehru The Hindus were led by Jawaharlal Nehru G opposed a partition of India; he was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic G opposed a partition of India; he was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic

12. After WWII GB gave India its freedom after WWII GB gave India its freedom after WWII Riots between the two religions led GB to divide India into two separate nations Riots between the two religions led GB to divide India into two separate nations A. Pakistan (majority Muslim) A. Pakistan (majority Muslim) B. India (majority Hindu) B. India (majority Hindu) --a mass migration of people followed ---violence (including G’s murder)

14. Kenya 45,000 Kenyans died fighting in WWI 45,000 Kenyans died fighting in WWI GB did not give them independence GB did not give them independence Harry Thuku led protests v. strict british laws and colonial taxes Harry Thuku led protests v. strict british laws and colonial taxes He was arrested during a riot He was arrested during a riot 25 killed by GB troops 25 killed by GB troops

15. Jomo Kenyatta Took over leadership role Took over leadership role Traveled to Britain to talk to leaders Traveled to Britain to talk to leaders Frustrated by slow progress Frustrated by slow progress WWII started and Kenya was still controlled by GB WWII started and Kenya was still controlled by GB