1. Maps and Modern tools

2.  Geographers look for patterns.

3.  When they find similarities or differences between places, they ask why.

4.  In order to explain these differences, geographers must have tools to help answer WHERE something is.

6.  Definition: The science of map-making  Two reasons to use maps:  As a reference tool (to keep us from getting lost)  As a communications tool (to explain where something is distributed)

7.  Measured in three ways:  Ratio (ex. 1 inch=25,000 inches)  Written Scale (ex. 1 inch=50 miles)  Graphic Scale (ex. bar line – see picture on left)

8.  Projection – Transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map http://www.1worldglobes.com/images/Globes/Discovery-Globe- thumb.jpg

9.  Can be difficult, as most maps are distorted (sphere vs. flat paper)  BUT…globes aren’t portable or practical

10.  4 types of distortions  Shape  Distance (Between two points)  Relative size (may appear larger or smaller than it actually is)  Direction (from one place to another) C:\Users\stevensaa\Desktop\mirror_distortion_1_ th[1].gif

11.  GPS – Global Positioning System  Determines the precise position of areas on Earth  3 Elements:  Numerous satellites (remote sensing)  Tracking stations (controls the satellites)  Receiver (used to pinpoint location) http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/images/GPS_Constellation _2.gif

12.  GIS – Geographic Information System)  Computer system that can capture, store, analyze, and display geographic data  More accurate  Can show relationships between different kinds of information http://gothamist.com/attachments/jake/2006_6_bestofmap1.jpg