1. How Do I Study Geography?
GEOGRAPHY HANDBOOK
How Do I Study Geography?
Geography Handbook

2. Introduction to Latitude & Longitude

3. Using Maps and Globes
Hemispheres
The Equator - imaginary line that divides the earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
N-S hemispheres

4. Using Maps and Globes
Equator pictures

5. Hemispheres Using Maps and Globes
The Prime Meridian along with the International Date Line divide the earth into
Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
E-W hemispheres

6. Using Maps and Globes
Prime meridian pictures

7. Using Maps and Globes
Hemispheres diagram

8. Directions to the local bank? Latitude Lines
Using Maps and Globes
Directions to the local bank?
Latitude Lines
Parallels circle the earth and show latitude, the distance in
degrees north or south of the equator. (0 degrees latitude).
The North Pole is 90 degrees North latitude. The South Pole is 90 degrees South latitude.
Latitude

9. Latitude represents north-south location, and it is shown on a map or globe by a series of east-west running lines that parallel the equator, which marks the midpoint between the two poles all around the earth's circumference -- these lines of latitude are called "parallels."
Figure 2 -- parallels of latitude

11. Using Maps and Globes
Latitude diagram

12. Other important latitude lines are:
Using Maps and Globes
Latitude
Other important latitude lines are:
Tropic of Cancer (23 1/2 degrees N. lat.)
Tropic of Capricorn (23 1/2 degrees S. lat.)
Arctic Circle (66 1/2 degrees N. lat.)
Antarctic Circle (66 1/2 degrees S. lat.).
Special latitude lines

13. Using Maps and Globes
Special lines diagram

14. Meridians run north to south from pole to pole.
Using Maps and Globes
Longitude
Meridians run north to south from pole to pole.
They tell longitude, the distance in degrees
east or west of the Prime Meridian (0 degrees longitude).
Opposite the Prime Meridian is the International Date Line (180 degrees long.).
Longitude

15. Figure 1 -- meridians of longitude
Longitude represents east-west location, and it is shown on a map or globe by a
series of north-south running lines that all come together at the North Pole and at
the South Pole and are the widest apart at the equator -- these lines of longitude
are called "meridians."
Figure 1 -- meridians of longitude
Be aware of the potential for confusing yourself: a. Longitude = E/W location, but it is shown by a series of N/S running lines called meridians. b. Latitude = N/S location, but it is shown by a series of E/W running lines called parallels.

17. Using Maps and Globes
Longitude diagrams

18. Using Maps and Globes
Absolute Location
Using the earth's grid system, latitude and longitude, gives you the absolute location of a place.
Absolute location

19. Using Maps and Globes
Global grid diagram

21. The shortest distance between two places on the earth.
Using Maps and Globes
In mathematics, how do you determine the shortest distance between two places?
Great Circle Route
The shortest distance between two places on the earth.
A great circle divides the earth into equal halves.
Great circle route

22. Great circle

23. Traveling along a great circle is called a great circle route.
Using Maps and Globes
Great Circle Route
Traveling along a great circle is called a great circle
route.
Globes show them accurately.
Maps can distort distances so the great circle route may appear longer than a straight line on a flat map.
Never Trust A Map!
Great circle route

24. Great circle diagram

27. Relative Location
Continent – 7 –