1. Do Now: January 5, 2015 Race What is Race? The term race refers to groups of people who have differences and similarities in biological traits deemed by society to be socially significant, meaning that people treat other people differently because of them. a class or kind of people unified by shared interests, habits, or characteristics A category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits Race is a social concept used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations

2. Independent and Dependent Clauses An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence. –Jim studied in the cafeteria for his chemistry quiz. A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word. –When Jim studied in the cafeteria for his Chemistry quiz. (NOT a sentence!)

3. Dependent Marker Words A dependent marker word is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. Examples: –When Jim studied in the cafeteria for his chemistry quiz. (NOT a sentence!) Some common dependent markers are: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while

4. Connecting dependent and independent clauses There are two types of words that can be used as connectors at the beginning of a second independent clause: –Coordinating conjunctions –Conjunctive Adverbs

5. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions are used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause. They are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, & so. (FANBOYS) When the second independent clause in a sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is needed before the coordinating conjunction: –Example: Jim studied in the cafeteria for his chemistry quiz, but it was hard to concentrate because of the noise.

6. Conjunctive Adverbs Some common Conjunctive Adverbs are: also, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, and therefore. An conjunctive adverbis a connecting word used at the beginning of an independent clause. These words can always begin a sentence that can stand alone. When the second independent clause in a sentence has a conjunctive adverb, a semicolon is needed before the conjunctive adverb. –Example: Jim studied in the cafeteria for his chemistry quiz; however, it was hard to concentrate because of the noise.

7. Proper Punctuation Here are some examples of ways to combine independent and dependent clauses properly. IC. I went to the store. I didn't buy any bread. IC; IC.I went to the store; I didn't buy any bread. IC,CC IC. I went to the store, but I didn't buy any bread. IC; CM, IC. I went to the store; however, I didn't buy any bread. DC, IC.When I went to the store, I didn't buy any bread. IC DC.I didn't buy any bread when I went to the store.