1. Grammar: Clauses and Phrases

2. In general… Clauses and phrases are the building blocks of sentences
Every sentence must have at least one clause to be considered grammatically correct

3. Clauses A clause is a subject and predicate working together.
Ex: I took the dog to the park.
Ex: I love learning, so I spend a lot of time reading.

4. Independent Clause
a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.
An independent clause is a sentence.
Example:
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.

5. Dependent Clause
a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought
A dependent clause cannot be a sentence.

6. Dependent Clause Example
When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.
Often but not always, a dependent clause starts with a common dependent marker: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while.

7. Phrases
A phrase is a group of words related to the subject, predicate or object.
Phrases do not contain a subject and a predicate
Phrases provide additional information about subject/predicate and objects
Phrases describes how something is done OR it describes something

8. Phrase Examples
After working late into the night, Jack fell asleep on his desk.
I left my keys inside of Whole Foods, my favorite grocery store.